Abstract
Background: In achieving food security, the role of animals as source of infection is particularly neglected, especially in agricultural farms where focus is on the organic farming system. This study aimed to assess the role of animals in the perpetuation of hookworm infection in selected agricultural farms in Laguna and Quezon Province, the Philippines. Methods: A total of 161 fecal samples were collected in agricultural farms in Laguna and Quezon. DNA was extracted and subjected to real-time PCR to detect N. americanus and Ancylostoma spp. Results: High prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. (20.5%) among animals with highest prevalence seen in companion animals (30.0%) while no N. americanus were detected. Significant variability among farms is observed implying differences in agricultural practices. Deworming and containment status of animals as well as awareness of owners/managers decreases the likelihood of hookworm infection. Conclusion: Animals serve as sources of parasite contamination for fresh produce as well as reservoirs for human infection threatening food safety and security. Reviewing existing guidelines for good agricultural practices to include the role of animals as well as parasites in contamination is needed to accelerate control and elimination of this parasitic infection. An interdisciplinary approach may be needed to move forward in achieving food security.

Keywords
Food security, Food safety, Hookworm, Ancylostoma spp.